SEO how google track visitors

This is noob question. I wondering on which why google track visitors on website which does not use google analytic? I mean how will google know how long visitor stay there, what is bounce rate...
How they got that data?

Short answer: They don't necessarily have that data. Or, at least, what they do have may be incomplete.

There are ways for them to find some of that and to extrapolate to get a decent idea of overall trends. For example, if a user clicks a search results (in Google), then comes back to the search result page after three seconds and clicks something else, that may be considered to be a bounce. There is also potential for lots of that data to be harvested from users who are browsing from Google Chrome.

google tracks everythink for it own data ...

and the rest as said above

Adsense delivery code, YouTube embedding code, google fonts code plus with so many websites using analytics they can fill in the dots fairly easily if a visitor happens to visit the odd website with no google products.