Question about architecture

Hi, I hope you're having a good day
It may be a stupid question but it still bothers me..
For google to identify the structure of my site, is the internal linking enough?
Is it the only thing google takes into consideration (for architecture only)?
Or do URLs play an important role in the architecture of the site?

For example my urls products are of this form:
monsite.fr /products/my-product
Would it be better to do rather:
monsite.fr /my-category/my-product

Note: I don't have a silo architecture
Thanks, from France