I'm pretty sure, i've seen some payment processors hiding some of the credentials (at least the CVV), Stripe apparently doesn't do that.
But honestly these days i don't really care much, even if someone sees the full credentials, because the security is up the ass with online cc payments, where i live.
Since the beginning of this year, if i want to purchase something, i can only do it after i confirmed the transaction from within the internet banking web interface or the app.
To login to internet banking, i need 3 (4) credentials. My bank account number, a password and an identifier, this is for the web interface, but i use the app, where another password is needed. After i logged into the app, i select the transaction to confirm and i need to enter the app password again. lol
Unless there's a rat on my device, just by having all the cc credentials, purchases won't be completed without me confirming the transactions.