This is a great question. While it's true that the paid suites like Ahrefs and Semrush are in a league of their own, you can build a very powerful and effective workflow using only free tools if you know what to combine. Here's the stack I recommend to anyone starting out.
For Keyword Research:
- Google Keyword Planner: Still the best source for getting a general idea of commercial keyword volume and CPC data. It's a must-use.
- AnswerThePublic / AlsoAsked: These are fantastic for finding question-based keywords and long-tail variations, which is perfect for creating blog content and FAQ sections that actually answer user intent.
For Backlink Checks:
- Ahrefs' Free Backlink Checker: Honestly, this is the weakest area for free tools as all of them are very limited. Ahrefs' free tool will give you the top 100 backlinks for any site. It's not the full picture, but it's enough to get a quick snapshot of a competitor's strategy.
For Overall Site Optimization:
This is where free tools are incredibly powerful.
- Google Search Console (GSC): This is non-negotiable. It is the single most important tool for any site owner. It tells you directly from Google what keywords you're ranking for, what your click-through rates are, if you have any indexing issues, and how you're performing on Core Web Vitals. It's your direct line to Google.
- Screaming Frog: The free version lets you crawl up to 500 URLs. This is an absolute beast for on-page technical SEO. You can find broken links, check meta titles and descriptions, analyze redirect chains, and much more. Essential for any site audit.
The ultimate free combo, however, is GSC plus Ahrefs Webmaster Tools (AWT). AWT is Ahrefs' free offering for site owners. You verify your site (like with GSC) and you get a huge amount of data for free, including a much more comprehensive backlink profile and a full site audit for technical issues.
So, my final recommendation for the best free setup is a combination of Google Search Console and Ahrefs Webmaster Tools. This duo gives you 80% of what you need to get started and grow effectively.