From the point of view enduring of time interval ALL SEO in 2024, both BH and WH fall in the same short term bucket. The G update cause both the WH and BH sides to scramble to revise and tweak their ranking methods, or to declare that nothing is working to rescue their sites. The "smartness" of Google amounts merely to them knowing, after three decades, what sites are the big brand/big boy sites. The second issue is the search engine has moved away from emphasizing search results "above the fold" as it were, and posting ads or AI stuff at the top of the page.
That's it. A brand site or AI summary is decreed to have supreme authority, even posting content of mediocre quality, over other smaller sites with excellent content. The basic answer is to run WH or BH campaigns for short intervals, then refresh with another (and different) short term campaign for the next cycle. This will mix up Google and offset their updates, as you will be updating at a pace (every couple of months) to make it impossible for G to catch up with you.