I go for just L1's, but you can have a menu with L1 and L2 if you like. L3 too. Up to you. Just go with what is the best UX for your site/niche.
You're welcome
1. Study. Experience at entry to mid level isn't so important for a digital marketer. I'd rather have someone who has done 1000 hours of courses and read 20 books than someone with 10 years experience at an agency but that doesn't read. You can land a job with zero experience if you're well studied. Learn the following:-
analytics/data
copywriting/psychology
CRO
The SEO you learn here. The on-page, anchors, siloing, structure, content type stuff.
guest posting. Research some tools and practice it. That's gold and all you need. The other type of backlink building stuff the agency will already do and it's just 'admin' work.
funnels/email marketing/webinars/a-b testing etc
Traffic generation, youtube/fb/google ads
Studying these will put you WAY ahead of most people at agencies. No one reads. A small percent in jobs read/study, and a slightly larger business owners. Even here, I doubt most people will be sitting with a notebook, carefully reading all my content even once. They'll skim, cherry pick a few things and (puts on alex becker hat) go and watch another cat video. hehehe! If you can focus and study the information out there you'll be top 1%. It is easier than ever to get top tier information. 10 years ago you couldn't. It was mostly secret.
If you learn that you can call up any agency. You can just be honest and say you don't have a huge amount of practical experience, but you have studied in-depth all these topics and can add huge value to their agency putting your knowledge to work.
Also learn some tools. ClickFunnels, google analytics, visual web optimizer, crazy egg.
Some courses I recommend :-
Anything from Russell Brunson. His dotcom secrets book, his expert secrets book and his funnel university. I also recently signed up for his funnel catcher course, but it's more expensive. The funnelU is only $69/mo. The members area is *insane*. It's a monthly newsletter(with back issues from 2016) on funnels, showing case studies from real businesses. And he is the CEO of ClickFunnels btw. This isn't some internet guru.
ca$hvertising book. Get that and at the back of the book you'll get recommendations for all the copywriting greats books'
guest posting, a few tutorials, then grab some software and practice.
Then
https://conversionxl.com. For $200/mo you have access to all their courses. Top-tier stuff and there's just.. so.. much. Check it out.
Most people are just looking for the latest "method" to make $100, $200, $1000/day, or a course on building a $30k/mo shopify store in 1-2 months then retiring to their beach house. Those that actually make millions are studying user psychology, UXs, funnels, email marketing, how to manage people and so on.
2. There's no such thing as whitehat link building really. Create great content and be known.. That's about it. But the answer to your question that you're probably looking for is guest posts and just buying links where you can. Outreach. Contact, inquire, negotiate, deal, link. Whether it's a guest post, a homepage link, a link in a directory.
3. I don't really know of any SEO courses that I could recommend. SEO is harder to learn than things like funnels because it's more subjective with a lot of conflicting information. There's enough knowledge contained within my threads. I don't know everything, but when people apply my way of doing things, they get great results. My approach is simpler too. It's just pbns/guest posts/good paid links, new domain or preferably aged domain. Good site arch, good content, and grow slowly.
4. See previous answers.
5. Aggressive anchors
I don't create one for each. I just link where I feel like linking based on a number of factors, like where I've linked, how a page is doing and where I feel needs a push. Previous answers contain more detail.
If you're happy with those numbers then that's good. I'm not being hard on people, but I'm not trying to teach people to make $10/mo.
If I gave advice to help my clients reach $10-$30/mo and sell their business for $500, I would have some very very displeased clients.
Micro niche site used to be able to easily make $1k-$5k/mo. I'm sure they still can, but it's just about energy. If I put 1000 units of energy in, and I have a 70% chance of yielding $20k vs 1000 units of energy and having a 10% chance of yielding $20k, then I will choose the first method.
If you can build them fast and get up to $10/mo quickly, then build lots and sell them and build up $10k in savings, then take $2k of that, build a bigger project and sell it. If you can make more than $2k, then you have another 4x$2k's to play with. Repeat this until you've got $30k in savings, then up your investment per project to $5k. Repeat and increase. Safety. Never invest 100% of your net worth into 1 project. No one does this.