Some hosts like hostgator, justhost, bluehost, hostmonster... support cloudflare integration through 'cloudflare' service on their cpanel page.
Option A:
Register an account on cloudflare.com, provide username and password on cpanel of your hosting provider and they'll do the rest automatically.
Option B:
Register an account on cloudflare.com
Point your domain to cloud flare.com servers (often igor.ns.cloudflare.com and olga.ns.cloudflare.com)
Set up the domain with A, cname, AAA, SPF, TXT records and others as you would with your hosting provider.
It sounds scary but it really isn't. It's quick and easy.
Cloudflare is a huge CDN (content distribution) network that hides real ip of your web server.
Sites load faster, use less bandwidth since lots of content gets served from your site to cloudflare and then cloudflare servers it further to your users.
Your real ip is hidden (google sees ip of cloudflare) so you are protected against DOS and DDOS attacks to some extent. Quite a big deal if someone is trying to take you down or slow down your site.
It also improves SEO rankings slightly. YES! Google and cloudflare partnered up so when you use cloudflare service you'll get a minor SEO boost to your sites, compared to competition that may not be using it. This is most likely done to minimize the effect of hundreds of thousands of sites appearing from same (cloudflare) IP. It's the reason why hosting websites on dedicated IP also boosts your ranking a little.
As for WP-super-cache. Use it. It helps a lot and speeds up your site substantially.
Normally when a visitor comes on your site .php service on your server will start generating website for him to see. This involves using CPU and hard drive to access data stored in mysql database.
When you use wp-super-cache most of these steps are eliminated, since it stores these pages into a .html file on hard drive or sometimes directly into ram. It uses less ram (for caching of mysql requests), less cpu time for making (rendering) website as well as less hard drive (which is really really slow compared to the other two).
You'll see faster site and your host will be grateful as well since you'll use less of his server's resources.