Will redirect 301 pass negative seo impact?

Assume that I have redirected from site A and page a to site B and page b.
If my site A is penalised, will page b from site B also be penalised?

in some way, yes..
if you meant that your domain A is spammy
spammy links -> 301 -> new domain = spammy new domain

because backlinks that are spammy are redirected to new domain..
but google nowadays disregard spammy links.. so a little percentage goes to your new domain

and, another thing is niche, is your domain A same niche with your domain B?
if no, there is no point in redirecting domain A to domain B, rather redirect your 301 to a certain page or certain post

For brand new site - maybe.
For established sites - no chance. Otherwise it'd be too easy to take down competition.

Penalties are passed through 301 redirect.

Most of the people assume that it will pass the penalty. But thats not the case all the time. What kind of penalty we are talking about ? You were spamming the domain? or its more like content related?

301 not really that good anymore as you can get ban.

It suggested leave both websites live and use a natural link.

a to b

Google done a big update and I am very sure 301 redirect got hit hard