why my backlinks # in google console decrease to only 1

i used one expired domain to set up one E-commerce website,and it got 8 results penalty(search site:domain at google,only got 8 results) ,this last for 2years,
and last year i found i have more than 8 results,it seems my website got out of penalty or lower the risk.
but i found my backlinks # in google Console decrease to only 1 now,and sometimes it will go back to 360 backlinks.
do you faced the same problem? why this happen,and google not count in my other backlinks again?
by the way my main keyword disappeared,it showed at page 8 at google sometimes 2 months ago.
thank you for share your opinion

Do not rely on Google Links report, it won't show all of the links,
Sometimes even links from authority HQ websites won't be shown there,

Also, there has been a bug since last year, and often many links would disappear overnight,
Just ignore it, make sure the links are indexed at least, if you're building the right links that is the least you'll be worrying about,

Penalty-wise, it's hit & miss, some websites would never recover despite trying different stuff that would make a normal website rank for good,
If the domain has a decent link profile, set up a spam-free website with 30-50+ pages & leave it hosted there, focus on other/more projects

It sounds like an issue with indexing and backlinks after the penalty. Google occasionally updates its algorithms, and this can affect the number of backlinks they consider. It’s possible that Google is cleaning up inactive or low-quality links, or it could be due to changes in your SEO strategy. You might want to check the quality of your backlinks and try to improve your content to attract more organic backlinks.