What are permalinks?

Hello can I ask you what are permalinks?

I keep on reading about them, and I am a noob. I would like to understand what are they, and where to find them, what to do with them to make my website more seo friendly

https://blackhatworld.com/PERMALINK/PERMALINK/etc/etc just url of specific page

Permalinks are best left alone if your site is already up and running. They are something you sort out at the very beginning.

Permanent links contained on your site, usually homepage, usually in the header, footer or sidebar.

Permalinks are the "permanent URLs" of your web pages. If you're just starting out with a site, you're going to want to make sure the URL structure is user and search engine friendly -- i.e. example.com/this-is-the-permanent-url/ instead of example.com/?p=12345.

Even if the site isn't brand new, you may want to change your permalink settings to a more user-friendly structure. This is more involved, however, and would require adding the necessary 301 redirects to your htaccess file (redirecting the old, ugly URLs to the new ones).