The others have all given great advice on how to push down negative content with a flood of positive assets. That's a solid strategy and often the first step. However, a more advanced approach to ORM involves getting the negative content to disappear entirely. This is especially important for high-authority news sites or legal documents that are hard to outrank.
You can achieve this through a few key methods:
Direct Outreach: Sometimes the simplest solution is the best. If the negative post is from a smaller site, a polite email to the webmaster asking them to remove it can be surprisingly effective.
Google's Removal Tools: For certain types of sensitive, personal, or illegal information, Google has specific tools and policies that allow you to request the removal of a URL from their search results.
DMCA Takedowns: If the negative content uses any of your copyrighted material (e.g., an image you own, or text copied from your site), you can file a Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) notice to get the content removed.
Link Disavowals: If the negative content is on a spammy, low-quality site, you can disavow the backlinks to your site from that domain to prevent it from harming your own SEO profile.
The most effective ORM strategy combines both offense (creating positive content) and defense (getting negative content removed or de-indexed).