You know that what you're referring to is just an algorithm Trained through machine learning.It's possible through machine learning, but you would require a lot of datasets. For example, you can probably train a huge list of images that are related to cars and then it can recognise cars when solving a captcha.
AI is a way better option here though.
So everything that is specialized here will be based on ML , there is 0 ai that can just do this on its own, and if so certainly would not be wasted on captcha solvong