Might actually depend what the site is about and what keywords you are trying to rank for etc.
As for google's exact formula - well let's just say if you actually cracked the algorithm you would be a very rich soul indeed.
But it is all about, relevant keywords, good content, type of content (video, pics, is it a blog etc), backlinks to you, linking out to authority sites, domain age, etc etc. blah blah.
if you search on here for SEO you will find some pretty good courses in the download section that can be downloaded - just be prepared to do some reading!!