Hey there,
You can definitely use a Windows VPS for mailing. I'd actually recommend a dedicated server. The price difference ain't that big, yet it's more effective and you won't be penalised by the provider for "overusing" the server's resources
All you need is to buy a domain(s), point its NS to your server (also ensuring that all the MS, TXT, etc resolve thru your server) then set up an Microsoft Exchange (available on Windows website for free: i think for 180 days), then set up your DNS server (PTR records, etc), then get one of those windows mass mailer apps (like AMS, etc), install them on your server and you are ready to go . The problem with a Windows server though is that you won't be able to rotate your IPs as it's directly linked to your AD which by default is one and has only one IP (the server's IP). Even though you can add more domains to the Exchange in order to send/receive mails from/to , say, website1[dot]com and website2[dot]com, the IP address will still remain the IP of your server's primary domain no matter how hard you try to optimise your DNS server :/ ... so this will effect your Inbox rate as the servers on the receiving side will be "seeing" mails coming thru different domain yet with the same IP ... trust me, this aint good

. To solve the IP rotation issue you may use a Linux base mail server and configure its MTA (Sendmail/Postfix) to use multiple domains resolving thru multiple IPs ... yet, the Windows is still good if you send out "optin" mailers to your own subscribers as there won't be much "Abuse" and "Hard bounce" complaints.
I hope this will help you out.
P.S. for a little "admin" fee I may help you out to set up your Windows dedicated server. pm me if needed