How does "link juice" work?

I'm an affiliate marketer and I plan to structure my site with a landing page and post small related articles linking to the landing page. If I create back links for the small articles does the link juice transfer to my landing page? Does it matter if my landing page is even close to being ranked as long as my related articles have a high CTR?

With that structure the link juice will flow to your landing page.

I recommend you don't link all your articles to the landing page though, instead interlink some together and spread the love out across your whole site.