How do google handle noindex pages? Could we build backlink for it?

Hi everyone, I'm new here. And I have just started doing seo for 8 months.
There is a problem that has been on my mind these days, when I learned about noindex. How does google handle noindex pages?
Assuming Google noindex a certain page, it will not be stored in the GG database, so will the backlinks to this noindex page affect the website or not.
Whether we build backlinks for these noindex pages will be penalized for overdose?
And finally, do GG bots follow internal links from these noindex pages to another pages?

Actually these issues are quite haunting me.
Thank all.

My site also is difficult to get index Googl3

it will not index into query, but for all link there its still followed by bots (if no rules "nofollow" there)..
4 rules here is..
index query-follow link
noindex query-follow link
index query-nofollow link
noindex query-nofollow link (the worst)

Btw, for build backlink, for me better is noindex-follow... why? because i dont want leave any footprint.. because if you know how to do it, damn so easy to find competitor footprint, without anytool. juz using simple query.