[HELP!] How Does Backlink Works?

Hi guys. I hope someone could clear this out for me.
For example, I pointed 1000 branded anchor texts on the homepage and 50 exact/partial match on an inner page.

1. How does Google see those backlinks? Does Google see that AS A WHOLE (1050 backlinks) or INDIVIDUALLY (per page)?

2. Will I be penalised for that?*** (because on one of the inner pages, I have 100% exact match anchor texts but I HAVE branded links in the homepage)
Or not? (because I only have less than 1% exact/partial match anchors [if Google sees them AS A WHOLE and not per page])

*** Regardless if I have 50 exact/partial match anchor texts. It's just an example. My point is, if I will be penalised because I have 100% exact/partial anchor text on one of the inner pages (only 50 links) but I HAVE 1000 branded anchor texts on the homepage.

Thanks in advance!

You need more anchor text diversity. If this was 10 years ago you could blast your site to the top using your keyword...but now, you need to use branded text, domain links, generic anchor text, LSI keywords, and the exact keywords you are targeting. Google won't index all of your links all at once which is a good thing...so it should eventually find most of them over time which would look like a gradual increase in backlinks.

Due to the lack of diversity, you may end up worse off than before you started...I would focus on building more links buy varying up the anchor text so as to look more natural.

Thanks, but I know about that. It's just an example.
My point is, if I will be penalised because I have 100% exact/partial anchor text on one of the inner pages (only 50 links) but I HAVE 1000 branded anchor texts on the homepage.

Anyone please??

G00gle read them per page. If the platforms and the way they are created are to relevant, if create these backlinks while your site have less than 1000 hits/day you will get penalty - if not instant, than on the next update.

You don't need 1000, but only 20 great links. Get links from the top social sites - fb, twitter, linkedin, pinterest, g+, stmbleuppon, diigo, delicious ... and get few backlinks from relevant domains. Than create 1000 links to each of them and on the final you will have ways more juice and will not get penalty.