And in you opinion, what would you say are the key differences?
Windows 2016/2019 and Windows 10 are built on the same codebase, the only difference is that Windows 10 is highly optimized for a Desktop/Daily uses, which might be heavier but makes things more convenient for a normal users, while Windows Server is more optimized for server uses by having less pre-activated features, run with less resources, ...
For example, Windows server versions don't come with Desktop Experience feature as a server usually don't need that, however all features that's pre-enabled on Windows 10
can be enabled on Windows 2016/2019 as well
Windows server has more 'enterprise' features such as backups, virtualization, clustering, high availability setup, ... in which most normal users won't use, and only really used for corporate.
Windows server is also much more expensive than Windows 10 (Enterprise vs Consumer pricing).
TLDR; For a non-technical user: Windows 2016/2019 and Windows 10 are basically the same, Windows server will run faster/lighter in most cases, however if you need a specific features from Windows 10, you might need to enable it manually in Windows Server (just a few clicks).
Hope this helps

If you have any questions, let me know!