I have had an expired domain for 3 years now that I did nothing with (I just let it sit in my hosting account and just renewed it 3 times) and 1 month ago I put a website on it and 10 posts are already indexed even though I did nothing with it (no backlinks, no promotion of any kind). I just submitted my sitemap to Google Search Console and then autopost software-generated articles to it every day since then. Well, the domain does have backlinks because it had backlinks from the previous owner and those backlinks have been detected by google and now they appear in GSC out of the blue (I think there's 131 of them, or something like that), but I never built a single backlink to the domain, nor have I ever force-indexed it and other stuff like that. And it's an autoblog, too so it's not like I care about the content or the site too much.
The point is that yes, expired domains can be indexed and can work, too, if they're good but you have to find domains with clean backlinking profile and that have never had spammy content on them (asian sites, drugs / pharma content, weapons, porn, gambling, etc). This particular domain even had a backlink from wikipedia 3 years ago when I purchased (not anymore, though) so it's been pretty clean domain.