Does redirect backlinks impacts rankings?

High DR redirects increases Ahrefs DR.

domain.com/url?q=https://yourdomain.com
domain.com/redirect/?url=https://yourdomain.com
and so on.

Is this only Ahrefs hole and only they sees it , or it can impact rankings ?

Any SEO expert here ?

No, they don't. They are useless. Those are used by GSA service providers to fool their customers.

Is not about if they give some juice, cause in reality every link counts and works, but which is hard for those links is to index them, and same goes for any kind of link.
But this thing with backlinks is not so simple, if you go for the long run then you need hq quality backlinks, if you go for churn and burn you can use any kind of backlinks, but you point them to your site based on quality, if are good ones you can use it o medium tails, if are low ones then is best to use it only on long tails, but this strategy is good to be used only on churn and burn projects.

This is just some short reply to can make an idea, in the test field is much more complicated to explain cause are a lot of factors involved!

And ahrefs is just to track things, you can have backlinks crawled by ahrefs but not indexed in WMT, so you need to combine WMT with ahrefs to can have exact results.

No it will not do much or might be none. As it is just a way to leverage the site score on the eyes of google. Might be working for new sites.

Not really