Does Google Delay SERP Updates? Facing 404 Pages Overload and Invisible Despite Quality Content

Does Google ever not update SERPs for specific keywords? Over 70% of the search results are 404 pages that were once backlinked and then deleted. Despite having well-crafted image and text content, I do not appear in the keyword search results.

I'm curious about how to prompt indexing and crawling in such cases and ensure visibility.