Could this have damaged my site?

I got penalized in March and I'm trying to figure it out. My site has links that point to an external domain containing cpa links. I structured the outgoing links like this.
Download button on my main site->redirect to a temporary primary domain noindex page in robots.txt that was redirected to the external site containing the cpa links.
Like this: MAIN WEBSITE EXAMPLE.COM with download button, user click in the button and go to EXAMPLE.COM/DOWNLOAD (no index in robot.txt) with 301 redirect to another domain.
Could all these redirects have penalized my site? Maybe it's better if I remove the redirects and put a nofollow link directly?

Maybe. The multiple redirects (from your main site to a temporary domain and then to an external site with CPA links) problematic, as search engines don't favor long redirect chains and might view them as an attempt to obscure the final destination. Using robots.txt to prevent indexing isn't the most effective method; a noindex meta tag on the page itself is more reliable. The nature and quality of CPA links might also be seen negatively by search engines, and the series of redirects can harm user experience, an important ranking factor. To address these issues, remove the redirect chain and link directly to the final destination, use a noindex meta tag instead of relying on robots.txt, add rel="nofollow" to CPA content links, and ensure the overall quality and relevance of the CPA links.

If the redirection is done many times or it looks manipulative then you get the penalty. Try to remove the redirects and make sure to prompt your website trustable in google's eye again

You don't facing any damage for this. It's ok because I did the same think before.

I don’t think it will cause any harm.

As many said multiple redirects might look like manipulating you can try to replace the redirects with no follow link directly on your main site for ranking purposes.

mandom said:

As many said multiple redirects might look like manipulating you can try to replace the redirects with no follow link directly on your main site for ranking purposes.

Click to expand...

I tried to add no follow link to another new fresh domain contained the cpa link. Hope this will fix the problem