1. .us does rank a bit better for US traffic but it is linked to other factors too.
2. Content IS king if you actually have visitors and need them to convert, not for SEO alone though. In other words, content is king of conversions but not of SEO.
3. Link velocity IS important
So who said those, you're simply wrong.
About myths:
1. You should do what Google says or you get penalized
2. If you are whitehat only and do what Google says you won't get penalized
3. Low quality links are bad
4. N0f0llow links matter
5. Google: "Do no evil!" ...rofl
6. Google: "We do not use analytics or adsense data for ranking purposes"
7. Google Webmaster Tools is to help webmasters not to let Google sniff your sites
8. Panda, Penguin, etc. are algorithms about content and text
9. EMDs are dead/devalued/not worth it
10. Content that is unreadable and non-unique can't rank.
11. An octopus can not rank #1 in Google, especially if it is a mad octopus