4 links can hardly make a difference. Also, you don't just build 4 links and then stop. Link building is an ongoing process, each week you get a few more links until you rank where you want (#1 in google I assume), and not even then do you stop building links, you still get new links (to new pages that you're creating usually, but also to the main pages like homepage, category pages, services pages, etc every now and then).
It always amazes me when people get a few links and wait for magic to happen. Guys, that's not how SEO works
Also, is your site targeted to something in particular, or is it a general blog about everything and nothing in particular? Because this matters too...
Also, is your homepage targeted around any keyword? Homepages of content sites (with business sites things might be different) almost always target the toughest keyword in your niche, so I'm not surprised that you you're not ranking anywhere meaningful with just 4 links since homepages can be really hard to rank since they target the main topic of your niche site (if your site is even niche to begin with), and that topic is usually hard to rank.
Despite of the homepage being hard to rank for its main keyword you still want to build most links to the homepage so you can boost your entire site's authority which, in return, will help you rank easier in the future and for keywords that you're not even targeting. So, in this regard you did well that you pointed the 4 backlinks to the homepage
Also, what type of backlinks are those and how good are they? Because if they're web 2.0s or profile links, for example, it will feel like you didn't even get any links, so I'm not surprised you're lingering around position 200
Last but not least, you've mentioned citations and citations are typically used for local SEO, so are you doing local SEO, or normal SEO (blogs, ecommerce, affiliate sites, etc)? Because this matters too as local SEO is treated differently to normal SEO.
Anyway, to answer your question: we don't know yet whether you've fucked up or not. Based on the little info we have I'd say you didn't fuck up (as in you didn't do stuff that can't be fixed), but you're also not understanding how SEO works, so this doesn't help you either.
We would need more info about your situation in order to give better tips, and by "more info" I mean A WHOLE LOT MORE, such as...
1) what industry are you targeting (health, tech, pets, home improvement, self improvement, etc), and did you do your niche research + keyword research properly? Which guides did you follow to find your niche and keywords?
2) did you pre-plan your keywords + content + site structure properly? Again, which guides did you use to figure these out?
3) what kind of content do you have, how much of it, how well optimized is it?
4) what type of competition are you facing? Is it UGC and spam sites mostly, is it big authority sites mostly, is it affiliate sites mostly?
5) how good / proper are your site's technical SEO and topical authority? Are your site's important elements (structure, mobile friendliness, UX, speed, crawlability and indexability, etc) well done? Or is your site ugly, slow, non-mobile friendly, non-intuitive, hard to navigate and crawl by google, lacks sitemap, breadcrumbs, schemas, and other garbage that google loves?
All of these questions can help us understand whether those 4 backlinks that you got are worth anything and whether you've even used them properly, so please do answer these questions if you want help that's free and useful.
Of course, simply showing us the backlinks and your site would exempt you from answering all of those questions, but it's not smart to expose your site and backlinks here, so you have to answer the questions instead
