How do these sites fool the Google index?

[robotic301]

I happened to search for some keywords and found that some of the following sites are always on page 1, even at the top of the search results.
When clicking on the link, it will pop up an advertising screen (like CPA) I don't know.
I wonder how they did it.
Can anyone here help me out?



I also see that the site https://bdjp.oratoriosanmichele.it is on top of many keywords. The content shown in search results belongs to another site

 

[sscaz]

I happened to search for some keywords and found that some of the following sites are always on page 1, even at the top of the search results.
When clicking on the link, it will pop up an advertising screen (like CPA) I don't know.
I wonder how they did it.
Can anyone here help me out?

View attachment 241146

I also see that the site https://bdjp.oratoriosanmichele.it is on top of many keywords. The content shown in search results belongs to another site

Send screenshoot of backlinks

 

[JakeSantiago]

Might be some sort of parasite SEO.

 

[Turbo B.]

https://www.blackhatworld.com/seo/darker-than-blackhat-what-is-this-method.1452487/https://www.blackhatworld.com/seo/how-this-black-hat-method-work-in-2023.1470663/