To make a pyramid of backlinks, Google detects the moment of creation of the backlinks or only looks at the moment of indexing. I ask this in order to

To make a pyramid of backlinks, Google detects the moment of creation of the backlinks or only looks at the moment of indexing. I ask this in order to avoid Google penalty.

While I am not going to answer on "whether link pyramids work or not".

But most of these third party sites will pass the "Publish Date" and the "Modified Date" - so yes, Google will know when the page/post was created.

Yeah there are quite a few ways to find when a page was published:

1) Schema data, such as "datePublished" and "dateModified"

2) HTTP header data, such as "Last-Modified:"

3) Url structure, eg https://domain.com/09/07/2022/blogpost

4) XML sitemap, if the url is in there there should be a last modified field

Not every platform will supply this info, but if it's Wordpress-based it's a pretty sure thing.

As BlogPro and Steptoe explained - we know that it is possible for Google to detect when a page with a link on it was created/updated, at least in some, if not all cases and we also know that link velocity plays a part in the ranking algorithm (take a look at US Patent US7346839B2 Information retrieval based on historical data) so better to drip feed the links.