Google ranking signals

Id say we just try to mention as many as possible of the over 200 signals google use in their ranking.

Here is a good list to start with:
Keyword in URL
Pagerank
Backlinks:
Number of backlinks
Related backlinks
Anchor text on backlinks
Anchor text on inbound links
Backlinks page and domain PR

Site speed
Unique content
Domain age
Keyword in domain
Keyword dencity
Keyword in different tags (H1, B, i.....)
User friendly navigation

Possible factors:
Good content
-I belive this aint a directly signal but that good content often attract good links

Variety of text, images and videos

Bounce rate back to google search
-Can they track this?

Adsense
-It would atleast been smart to give sites with adsense a bit higher ranking.

Site updates

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Please feel free to add more factors.

-KillerUMF

google analytics data
google webmasters data
youtube data
gmail data
google bookmarks data
feedburner data etc. etc.

I've always wondered about the adsense idea - it makes sense

Some serious exception factors that break the rules:

dmoz link (google still thinks this represents "vetted by snobby spam hating humans", but they are mistaken)

AND

blessed (Means 509C non-profit recognized by google OR beneficiary of a google grant or google venture capital)

AND

Top 5 brand name or manufacturer in a popular category

One of the things I think has become more important in the last 2 years is actual traffic to a web site. You can do all the onpage optimization right, get plenty of backlinks, and still a more compelling site with less of the above will outrank you if it gets more actual traffic, whether via the SERPs or other stats (like Youtube video views, content network, etc). Google has access to lots of data, not just the more direct Adwords and Adsense stuff.

Mark

Also, let's not forget spammed page deindexing. You can do everything right, but if your page is allowed to be spammed with invalid posts and such, the page will be quickly delisted. Remember, it is not really a site that ranks, but each page within that site. Interior page rank is more important than most people think, and a lot of PR 5 and 6 sites have interior pages that are largely deindexed because of spam.