SEOwhat,
If for some reason you are getting a lot of links from English sites to a non-english site naturally or if you only create enough to not raise suspicion, you should be fine. You will run into problems when you start doing things that don't look natural. For instance if you start building a bunch of links from sites that would normally have no business linking to you, then that could raise a red flag. For example links leading from an site written in English that provides literacy services to people in America leading to a non-english site with resources for those literacy clients would be normal. If there is no logical relationship and the site pops up on Googles radar, then it will be penalized.
Best,
Shawn