As someone who has built thousands of links in the past, allow me to answer this.
There is no reliable way to tell exactly how much impact a particular backlink had. Rankings don't change immediately because of a certain link type. Even when you see a ranking change, it could be due to other factors.
When a website gets a burst of links in a short period, Google may take time to reflect their impact. Sometimes, you simply won't see any noticeable ranking changes for a while.
Unless you're buying those $500per link placements, you can never be sure how quickly or how much impact a particular link has brought.
The impact of links is better evaluated over a few months of consistent SEO.
For example:
You build 10 guest posts in one month and then do nothing for the next month. Your rankings might not move much.
You build 3 guest posts per month and continue doing that for 3 months. You may start seeing improvements in rankings.
It's the same type of links, but building them consistently can help a website get better results.
I think what you really want to evaluate is whether a link is worth acquiring in the first place.
In the past, I've run my own case studies using different types of links to measure their impact. Based on my experience, I can confidently say that you should focus more on consistency in link building rather than trying to figure out the exact timeline for a link to impact your rankings.
Hope it helps.