How would I investigate a Canonicalisation Issue?

Guestwriting

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My basic workflow:

Step 1: Identify the affected URLs.

Step 2: Inspect their declared canonical tags.

Step 3: Check the canonical URL selected by Google in URL Inspection.

Step 4: Compare content, redirects, internal links and sitemap entries.

Step 5: Correct inconsistencies where necessary and monitor the affected pages.

A canonical tag is a signal, not an absolute command. Google may select a different canonical URL.

The important part is making the site's preferred URL clear and consistent across its signals.
 
My basic workflow:

Step 1: Identify the affected URLs.

Step 2: Inspect their declared canonical tags.

Step 3: Check the canonical URL selected by Google in URL Inspection.

Step 4: Compare content, redirects, internal links and sitemap entries.

Step 5: Correct inconsistencies where necessary and monitor the affected pages.

A canonical tag is a signal, not an absolute command. Google may select a different canonical URL.

The important part is making the site's preferred URL clear and consistent across its signals.
The workflow which you are doing is good. also i check whether internal links and sitemap URLs point to the preferred canonical version. If those signals conflict, Google may choose a different URL even when the canonical tag is correct.
 
I'd also check whether the duplicate pages have different internal links or redirect behavior. Even with a canonical tag in place, mixed signals can lead Google to choose a different URL.
 
I agree, checking all the signals together is important. Sometimes the canonical tag looks fine, but internal links or redirects point to a different URL. Fixing those inconsistencies can make things much clearer for Google.
 
tbh before the whole 5 step thing just check if www/non-www and http/https all 301 to one version. half the canonical threads on here end up being that
 
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