Good question, and I agree with a lot of what's been said here — especially the point about vetting the page instead of the domain.
From where I sit, the still-unsolved problem is the full lifecycle after you find the site. Prospecting and buying are mostly solved problems. What keeps costing people money is everything after: vetting the actual placement page and keeping the link alive.
Two habits that changed my results:
1. Vet the page, not the domain. A high-DR site means very little if your link lands on a page with no traffic, no internal links pointing to it, and an outbound link profile that is 100% paid placements. Before I commit to a placement I check: is the page itself indexed and getting real visits, and does the site link out to genuine external content — or is every outbound link a sponsored one? Pages in that second category tend to get devalued over time, and the link decays along with them.
2. Steward the links you already have. Links quietly disappear — pages get pruned, anchors get changed, sites get redesigned. I keep a simple tracker with the live URL of every placement and re-check monthly. The moment one drops, you reach out while the relationship with the webmaster or seller is still fresh. Most people only audit their backlink profile after rankings have already fallen.
So if I had to name one thing nobody has truly solved: an affordable, reliable workflow that vets the placement page (not just the domain metrics) and monitors every link over time in one place. Outreach is solved. Stewardship isn't.