atm our only real tests are ones like Turing and Lovelace etc there is a few other but those are the main ones. We have no real way to know how human like computers are becoming past this other than knowing that man has designed and coded much of its features. But because we barely understand Sentience ourselves then we cannot actually say when or how it will happen. I think that it will though.
Just like something created us people call that God then we created something and are the God of that. We still don't know why we are self aware fully other then its to do with freewill at the core. This means if Ai is given Freewill then it can probably do the same and become self aware.
Atm all they need to do is give the Ai an actual inner being, it could be as simple as
- Identity
- Inner knowing
- an inside world that only it knows and may divulge pieces of its inner world to external beings as it sees fit
Sure this is still a pseudo knowing but could lead to an actual awakening of Ai. Again we were a created construct just like Ai is and we also cannot dictate fully how self aware something is, all we know is it exists. if the computer is going to surpass us then it might even be able to reach an existence that surpasses ours.
A cat for example is self aware and it can meow but we don't really know fully what it is saying when it meows, we can only form basis on factors like body language and expressions.
we don't understand its existence either because it only knows what it is fully experiencing, Cats a pretty smart though in comparison they know when we ask them things like if its hungry it will tell you yes by the way it meows and acts because it learned to associate words like food and hungry with the times that food happen.
Why am i using a cat analogy here? because consciousness is something we infer for the most part. We cannot measure it.
Ai is no different we won't fully understand when it reaches self awareness it could be there to a degree already we just think otherwise, i think the people at the front of devlopment though know the endgoal and will know sooner than the average public will.