I think TikTok benefited from a combination of timing, algorithm quality, and global adoption. Likee was actually quite popular in some regions, but TikTok's recommendation system seemed to keep users engaged longer and helped creators reach large audiences much faster.
Another factor is network effects. Once creators, brands, advertisers, and viewers started concentrating on TikTok, it became harder for competing short video platforms to keep attention. People generally prefer being where the audience already is.
Likee still has users and communities, but TikTok became the platform most people think of first when they hear short form video, which made it difficult for competitors to stay in the spotlight.